Introduction to System and Basic System Concepts

What is a system in MIS?

A system is a collection of interconnected parts that cooperate to accomplish a single objective. Every component of the system serves a distinct purpose, and they all cooperate with one another. 

It may consist of people, machines, methods, resources, or information arranged in a particular pattern to perform a function. A system does not work randomly. Instead, it follows a logical and coordinated structure where each part plays a crucial role.

Examples: 

• A computer system (user, software, and hardware) 

• The human body (organs cooperating) 

• A college (staff, students, and departments)

Characteristics of a System in MIS

Every system has a few key features: 

(a) Elements:

A system is composed of numerous elements referred to as subsystems or components. For example, the keyboard, monitor, CPU, and other components of a computer system. 

(b) Related Elements: 

Each component is interdependent and operates in unison. The entire system could be impacted if one component fails. 

(c) Limit: 

A system's boundaries specify what is part of the system and what is part of the outside world. For instance, in a company, clients are outside the system, and staff are inside. 

(d) Environment:

 Everything external to the system that has an impact on its functionality. Examples include market dynamics, governmental regulations, and technological advancements.

(e) Input Resources: 

Resources that are fed into the system for processing. Inputs could be: Information Resources Energy-related human endeavors 

(f) Processing: 

Converting input into output. For instance, a factory transforms raw materials into finished goods, while a CPU processes data. 

(g) Output: 

The system's ultimate output. Decisions, completed goods, and processed data are a few examples. 

(h) Feedback: 

Information about output that is utilized to enhance system performance is known as feedback. Examples include consumer reviews and error warnings.

Types of Systems in MIS

1. Actual Systems: 

These are real systems made up of actual parts. For instance, automobiles, houses, and machines. 

2. Abstract Systems:

These are non-physical or conceptual systems. Examples include mathematical models, software applications, and theories. 

3. Natural System: 

Natural systems. Examples include the water cycle, environment, and solar system. 

4. Man-made: 

Systems built by people for particular uses. Examples include computer systems, banking systems, and transportation systems. 

5. Open System: 

These systems communicate with their surroundings. They produce outputs after receiving inputs. Examples include corporate entities and living things.

6. Closed System:

These systems interact with their surroundings very little. They are independent. Thermos flasks and sealed chemical processes are two examples. 

Importance of Studying Systems

• Helps understand complex organizations 

• Improves decision-making 

• Aids in designing efficient processes 

• Useful in system analysis and system development 

• Helps identify weaknesses and improvements